A524 Seamless Low-Carbon Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower Temperatures
1. Material Overview
ASTM A524 (also designated A524/A524M-21 in its latest revision) defines the standard specification for seamless low-carbon (killed) steel pipe, primarily intended for service at atmospheric and lower temperatures, covering nominal pipe sizes (NPS) from 1/8″ to 26″ with wall thickness per ANSI B36.10
The steel is required to be killed steel, produced via open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen processes. It should follow fine-grain practices, cast as ingots or strand-cast, and can be supplied either hot-finished or cold-drawn depending on size
2. Specifications
Chemical Composition
| Element |
Composition |
| Carbon (C) |
max 0.21 % |
| Manganese (Mn) |
0.90–1.35 % |
| Phosphorus (P) |
max 0.035 % |
| Sulfur (S) |
max 0.035 % |
| Silicon (Si) |
0.10–0.40 % |
Mechanical Properties
Distinct ranges for Grades I and II depending on wall thickness:
| Grade |
Wall Thickness |
Yield Strength (min) |
Tensile Strength |
Elongation (2″ gauge) |
| I |
≤ 0.375″ (9.52 mm) |
35 000 psi (~240 MPa) |
60 000–85 000 psi (414–586 MPa) |
≥ 30 % |
| II |
> 0.375″ (9.52 mm) |
30 000 psi (~205 MPa) |
55 000–80 000 psi (380–550 MPa) |
≥ 25 % |
These pipes also undergo flattening, hydrostatic, bending, and tensile tests as part of quality assurance A
3. Notable Grades
While this spec encompasses two grades, only Grades I and II are standardized for A524. Alternative low-temperature pipes—such as ASTM A333—exist but are distinct standards (not within A524 itself)
4. Execution Standards
5. Application Areas
Broad Applications
A524 pipes are well-suited for:
-
Hydraulic and pneumatic systems
-
Oil and gas industry pipelines
-
Pressure vessels, heat exchangers
-
Automotive components and structural use
-
Chemical processing, marine, power generation, water supply
Specific Uses Within These Fields
-
In oil & gas, for low-temperature fluid transport or cold climates
-
In petrochemical plants, as conduit for volatile chemicals
-
In power plants, as piping for cold feedwater or low-temperature steam
-
In automotive, for hydraulic cylinder tubing or precision hydraulic lines
-
In chemical processing, for corrosion-prone or low-temp pipelines
6. Summary Table
| Category |
Specification Summary |
| Material |
Killed low-carbon steel |
| Grades |
I (thin) and II (thick) |
| Chemistry |
C ≤ 0.21%, Mn 0.90–1.35%, P/S ≤ 0.035%, Si 0.10–0.40% |
| Mechanical |
Grade I: YS ≥ 240 MPa, TS 414–586 MPa, Elong ≥ 30%; Grade II: YS ≥ 205 MPa, TS 380–550 MPa, Elong ≥ 25% |
| Testing |
Flattening, hydrostatic, tensile, bend tests |
| Manufacture |
Hot-finished or cold-drawn |
| Applications |
Hydraulic, oil & gas, automotive, chemical, power, structural, marine |
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